Mode of biosorption was evaluated using equilibrium studies.
The capability of HA for Pb II) adsorption was examined using equilibrium and kinetic analysis.
A further aim is to describe equilibrium data using equilibrium isotherm models.
Solid liquid equilibrium calculations have been performed by using equilibrium and material balance equations.
In addition, the saturation and pressure distributions are initialized using equilibrium calculation method.
The adsorptive behaviour under various process conditions was evaluated using equilibrium loading isotherms.
Moreover, the mercury adsorption mechanism has been addressed using equilibrium adsorption isotherm, thermodynamic and kinetic studies.
The property changes were probed using equilibrium sorption experiments with different gases.
Application is illustrated for stoichiometric ion exchange, which also admits an analytical approach using equilibrium theory.
Using equilibrium of these energetic forces, the shape of the stress elongation curve is determined.
The macroscopic stresses are determined from the internal forces using equilibrium arguments.
