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The crotonase superfamily represents a diverse set of homologous enzymes diverged to catalyze a range of different overall reactions using different substrates and leading to different products.
The kinetic constants for Ps-XR were determined using different substrates and NADPH as cofactor.
The production of cellulases and hemicellulases via SSF has been investigated using different substrates and microorganisms [ 5, 8].
The estimated growth rate is found to be in very good agreement with the measured one for the vast majority of the analysed scenarios (D1, A1, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3, C1 and C2), which correspond to cultures at different growth rates, using different substrates, and coming from three independent literature references.
When respiration was measured in permeabilized cells using different substrates and inhibitors of the respiratory chain complexes, we observed a significant decrease in the respiratory activity of mitochondrial complex IV in MetR cells, whereas the activity of the other oxidative phosphorylation system (OxPhos) complexes was not significantly altered (Fig. 5A).
In the light of these results, it will be important to evaluate further CPs' activities in the different life stages of the parasite, using different substrates and single null mutants (Δ cpa, Δ cpb and Δ cpc) to provide answers to the respective role of each CP in the CD pathway.
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Inhibitor kinetics were performed using different substrate and inhibitor concentrations in a concentration range of 200 800 μM triolein and 0, 10, 20, and 40 μM oleoyl-CoA, respectively.
These cells are indeed able to use different substrates and to activate different energy-producing pathways in dependence of the fertilization stages and of the different environments in which they operate [ 20, 21].
Using different substrates as limiting and pulse-substrates (glucose, glycerol), different metabolic pathways and substrate uptake systems are investigated.
Companies have been trying to get around these difficulties by using different substrates, active materials, and patterning methods.
In addition, six rhamnolipid congeners were produced by ST5 using different substrates, however, Rha Rha C10 C10 and Rha C10 C10 were the most abundant in all extracts.
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