Reduction in tumor size is a late sign of effective chemotherapy, early response to chemotherapy is difficult to assess using conventional radiographic modalities [ 22].
When there is a discrepancy between the estimations of invasion depth using conventional colonoscopy and magnifying chromoendoscopy, other modalities such as "endoscopic ultrasonography," "non-lifting sign," or "narrow-band imaging" should be used in the evaluation.
Despite aggressive therapies, malignant gliomas remains resistant to all currently used conventional treatment modalities, such as radiation and chemotherapy.
In their study most respondents used conventional and CAM modalities concomitantly and rated the perceived efficacy of the combined use as greater than the individual modalities.
Subsequently, it is remarkable that the majority of studies in this review used conventional radiographs to evaluate the postoperative positioning of the radius instead of an imaging modality that facilitates 3D evaluation.
MammoSite, as an adjunct to whole-breast irradiation, is used instead of conventional modalities to irradiate the lumpectomy site, and laboratory testing has shown it effective for this purpose.
Though ligature, Endo-GIA, or clips could be currently conventional modalities used in ligation and transection of mesoappendix, their utilities for single port procedure or NOTES are limited due to narrow working space or high expenditure.
For example, bexarotene can be used alone or incorporated with other conventional modalities such as radiation and chemotherapy to improve the efficacy of these treatments as well as to prevent local recurrence and development of distant metastasis.
However, the long-term side effects of these conventional modalities, especially when applied to the developing brain, remain problematic.
The clinical management of cancer invariably involves diverse conventional modalities, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy [ 1].
