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Using an inverted device design, a PEDOT PSS interlayer and Ag electrodes, open circuit voltages of 550 mV could be obtained, which are comparable to values obtained with solar cells having easily oxidizing low work function metal electrodes.
Finally series of complete devices were fabricated using an inverted device architecture of ITO/TiO2(dense)/CdS/P3HT CdS blend)/MoO3/Ag to measure the overall effect of ligand moiety on photovoltaic performance.
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We imaged neoCMs and devices using an inverted microscope (Leica Microsystems, Buffalo Grove, IL, USA) with an environmental chamber, fluorescence capabilities, and an automated stage, which allows for quantification of heights.
Microscopic images were acquired using an inverted microscope (IX 73, Olympus) with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera (DP80, Olympus).
BL imaging was performed using an inverted microscope (Olympus CK40) connected to an electron multiplying charge coupled device (EM-CCD) camera (ImagEM-X2, Hamamatsu).
They are monitored using an inverted epifluorescence microscope (Olympus, IX-71) and a thermoelectrically cooled charge-coupled device camera (Hamamatsu Co., Japan).
In the presence of GABA and/or glutamate, fluorescence was captured using an inverted fluorescence microscope (BZ-9000; Keyence, Osaka, Japan) equipped with a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) camera.
The dynamic process of the fluidic flow was monitored using an inverted optical microscope (Olympus IX71, Tokyo, Japan), and the motion was recorded by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera (Olympus DP73, Tokyo, Japan).
The images were observed using an inverted microscope (NIKON).
Transwell invaded cells were counted using an inverted microscope.
Colonies were counted using an inverted microscope (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).
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