Blood gases were measured using a blood gas analyzer (Rapidlab 865; Chiron, Walpole, MA, USA); end-tidal carbon dioxide was measured using an infrared absorption analyzer (Multicap, Datex, Helsinki, Finland).
Gas concentration was determined using an infrared photoacoustic analyzer over a 24-h period using a steady-state flux chamber setup.
Respiratory frequency was adjusted to maintain end-tidal PCO2 between 35 and 40 mmHg, continuously monitored using an infrared CO2 analyzer (Cap Star 100, CWE Inc., Ardmore, PA, USA).
All UBTs were analyzed using an infrared breath test analyzer (IRIS by Wagner).
Water vapor was selectively removed prior to measuring the CO2 produced by the larvae, which was sampled once per second using an infrared CO2 gas analyzer (LI-COR, LI-7000, Lincoln, Nebraska).
Prepared samples were then combusted at ~1350 °C using LECO SC632 analyzer, and the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) generated was measured using an infrared cell.
Carbon monoxide (CO) was measured using an infrared sensor (EC9830B CO Gas Analyzer ECOTECHH, Victoria, Australia), sulfur dioxide (SO2) by a fluorescent method (EC9850B SO2 Gas Analyzer; ECOTECH), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) by a chemiluminescent method (EC9841B NO2 analyzer; ECOTECH), and ozone (O3) by a ultraviolet photometric method (EC9810B; ECOTECH).
A missile launch is observed using an infrared detector.
Using an infrared transmitter, the PC communicates with two RCX microcomputers, the programmable component of MindStorms.
These tests were performed using an infrared spectrometer.
