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A case-control study design may potentially over-estimate the predictive value of a test, but we have attempted to eliminate further bias by comparing the tests using an independent reference standard (microbiologically confirmed disease) according to STARD guidelines.
Mass accuracy and reproducibility were maintained by using an independent reference spray (LockSpray; Waters).
For the time course study, TCDD-treated samples were compared to time-matched vehicle controls using an independent reference design [ 49].
Data were centroided during acquisition using an independent reference lock-mass ion via the LockSpray™ interface to ensure accuracy and precision.
Temporal changes in gene expression were assessed using an independent reference design in which samples from EE and TAM treated animals were co-hybridized with VEH.
These results are only slightly lower than the accuracy rate calculated for SIRENE on the normal ovarian data (as assessed using an independent reference network), and slightly higher than expected based on the performance of SIRENE on the synthetic DREAM datasets.
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Since these articles did not use an independent reference standard, they were all classified as level 4. The quality of the studies was further specified based on the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool [ 36].
Moreover, some spoligotype signatures could also be used as an independent reference for congruence analysis, especially when LSP analysis was not informative.
However, the present study evaluates whether already existing protocols may be used as an independent reference standard to evaluate the appropriateness of triage recommendations in a pilot design.
We have not used Release 6 because it incorporated the data from Krsticevic et al. (2010) (Hoskins et al. 2015) and hence cannot be used as an independent reference.
The use of an independent reference standard for each patient will allow for further development and evaluation of modifications to the Manchester triage system.
More suggestions(15)
using an independent sample
using an independent replication
using an alternative reference
using an inappropriate reference
using an external reference
using an unmodified reference
using an internal reference
using an independent partnership
using an additional reference
using an innovative reference
using an independent set
using an independent dataset
using an obscure reference
using an independent validation
using an independent trustee
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com