Cells were collected using trypsin and split or used for analysis at ∼70 80% confluence and counted using an automated cell counter (TC20, Bio-Rad, Hercules, USA).
In experiments assessing cell viability, after treatment cells were detached using trypsin-EDTA (ThermoFisher), diluted into trypan blue, and then percentage of stained cells analyzed using an automated cell counter (TC20, Bio-Rad).
Average cell size was also quantified using an automated cell counter (Countess®, Invitrogen).
Cell numbers were counted by using an automated cell counter (Bio-Rad, USA).
Direct cellular counts were performed on aliquots of BAL fluid using an automated cell counter.
Leucocytes were then washed again twice with PBS and kept on ice until the total number of leucocytes was determined using an automated cell counter (Sysmex KX-21N, Kobe, Japan).
Cell number and viability were determined using an automated cell counter (Innovatis) with trypan blue exclusion.
Leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were determined using an automated cell counter (MS 4-5 vet Mellet Schloesing Laboratories).
After 48 hours, the cells were harvested by trypsinization and counted using an automated cell counter (Cellometer®, Nexcelom Bioscience).
Large amounts of protein were produced for antibody production using an automated, cell-free rapid translation system (RTS).
Using an automated cell-based assay, we screened a collection of >3,500 chemicals and identified three approved drugs (perhexiline, niclosamide, amiodarone) and one pharmacological reagent (rottlerin) capable of rapidly increasing autophagosome content.
