By using an alternative reliability indicator, additional travel time, we demonstrated that traditional indicators lead to wrong indications.
We thus replicated our analysis using an alternative job loss indicator which equals one only for individuals who reported involuntarily losing their job since the previous survey and who also reported, at the previous interview, that there was a 0% chance of job loss in the year ahead.
This result suggested that eschar could be used as an alternative indicator for the diagnosis of O. tsutsugamushi infection [ 27].
Satellite AOD could be used as an alternative indicator of air quality in air pollution epidemiological studies.
We also calculated the duration of ECVP10 as the time of CVP above the level of 10 mmHg, which was considered as a relatively higher CVP level that might by unbeneficial for patients in critical care settings [17], and used it as an alternative indicator of the mean CVP level to estimate the association between ECVP load and outcome in the critical care settings.
The Household Expenditure Survey can be used to provide an alternative indicator of the food security position.
Parental information about brood need can vary both between parents and through the nestling phase [33], and if one parent's information about brood need/value is incomplete, they may use their partner's effort as an alternative indicator of how much should be invested in a brood.
It is important that the use of type of school as an alternative indicator of individual SES in epidemiological dental caries studies be confirmed longitudinally, where the time when the child is inserted in school can be monitored.
Using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), this paper explores the extent to which the ANC 4+ indicator tells us anything useful about the substance of care and proposes an alternative indicator to measure program performance.
This article proposes an alternative indicator to measure TB case detection.
