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The phytotoxic effects of herbicide treatments on broom and radiata pine plants were quantified using a visual rating system based on the severity of plant necrosis and other symptoms, such as chlorosis, stunting, twisting of shoots and deformation of leaves.
Disease severity was assessed after 14 days using a visual rating scale from 0 to 4 in which 0 = no symptoms, 1 = necrotic lesions covering < 25% of the leaf surface, 2 = necrotic lesions covering 25 50% of the leaf surface, 3 = necrotic lesions covering 50 75% of the leaf surface, and 4 = necrotic lesions covering >75% of the leaf surface and plant death (Raupach and Kloepper 2000).
All items concerning pain intensity were measured using a visual rating scale (VRS-11) from 0=no pain to 10=maximal pain imaginable.
At the 16th day of rewarming, plants were evaluated for freezing tolerance using a visual rating scale based on leaf injuries and ranging from 0 (no freezing injuries) to 5 (all leaflets are yellow and dry: dead plant).
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Two larger studies found no association between WMH and grip strength, however one of these studies used a visual rating scale from 0 9 to measure WMH, which may lead to differing results than using WMH volumes [ 61, 64].
14 Pain status was assessed using a visual analog rating scale for perception of actual pain.
Average pain, worst pain at rest whilst seated with the arm at the side, worst pain with movement and worst pain at night over the last 24 h will be assessed using a visual numerical rating scale (NRS).
Pain was measured using a Visual Analogue Pain Rating Scale with a score of 0 for "no pain" and 100 for "pain as bad as possible".
Subsequently, using a visual analog scale, they rated how stressful they perceived the following major symptoms of PTSD to have been during the previous 4 weeks: nightmares, intrusions, irritability, and disturbed sleep.
A further objective was to evaluate the participants' tolerance of the device, using a visual analogue scale and verbal rating scoring index.
Symptom severity of abdominal pain, dyspepsia and bowel symptoms were recorded using a visual analogue scale (100 mm) rating between 0% to 100%, where 0% is not having symptoms at all and 100% is having very severe symptoms.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com