2) total score of 4 or more according to Ishak (modified HAI) scoring system, and 3) viral DNA load of more than 1.77 pg/ml (equivalent to 500,000 copies/ml) using a signal amplification technique (Naxcor assay).
Seventeen porcine samples stool supernatants from 17 farms were analyzed using a generic viral particle-protected nucleic acid enrichment procedure followed by random amplification of extracted RNA and DNA (see materials and methods) [46], [54] [56].
From November 18, 2008 to November 17, 2009 (phase II, intervention), all patients admitted with suspected viral meningitis (with pleocytosis) had a CSF sample tested using a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT).
RNA was extracted from serum by using a QiaAmp viral RNA Mini Kit QIAGENN, Hilden, Germany) and sent to the Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Khartoum, for conventional RT-PCR amplification.
Between 1997 and 1999, neurotropic viruses were identified on the basis of two serologic examinations separated by an interval of 15 days and/or detection of the viral genome by using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification technique.
By using a random primed RT-PCR amplification strategy of grapevine double stranded RNA-enriched samples, viral agents were detected in single and mixed infections.
Proviruses encoding expressed viral genes can be identified by sequencing the expressed transcript, provided this is accomplished using a technique like single genome amplification 91 to prevent in vitro recombination.
Complete viral genomes were amplified by multisegment reverse-transcription PCR (M-RTPCR), a method that allows simultaneous amplification of all viral segments by using a pair of universal primers targeted against highly conserved flanking regions, as previously described [ 11].
Viral RNA amplification was performed using a previously described Ribo-SPIA method (Richards et al. 2004) which is powered by NuGEN Ovation ® pico WTA system (NuGEN Technologies; San Carlos, CA) following the manufacturer's directions.
They amplified the tiny sample into a large quantity of DNA using a standard technique called whole genome amplification.
