This is compared with and verified by a more detailed macroscopic simulation using a velocity-based Cell Transmission Model (CTM-v).
Macroscopic simulations of 178 variations of 13 basic scenarios have been performed using a flexible and computationally efficient macroscopic queue model, results being verified by simulation using a velocity-based Cell Transmission Model (CTM-v).
Fixations were identified using a velocity-based algorithm with a velocity threshold of 6.58°/s (see Henderson, McClure, Pierce ,& Schrock, 1997).
In both experiments, the authors used an Eyelink I tracker (sampling frequency 250 Hz) and identified fixation durations using a velocity-based algorithm, using different parameter settings in the two experiments.
The present automatic detection algorithms (1) smooth the raw data, (2) interpolate missing data points, (3) calculate fixations using a velocity-based algorithm, and (4) apply a number of post hoc validation criteria to evaluate and remove artifactual fixations (to see the pseudo-code, go to Appendix 2).
We found that the mean velocity profiles in the outer part of the boundary layer, and to some extent also the Reynolds shear-stress, are self-similar when using a velocity scale based on the local pressure gradient.
Eye velocity data were edited to remove saccades and any body movement artifacts using a velocity threshold.
We measure the entropy as a function of the phase-space of the values, i.e. their magnitude and velocity of change, using a method based on the abstract measure of entropy introduced by the philosopher Rudolf Carnap.
If the pulsation velocity exceeds a minimum value, a homogeneous dispersion occurs, and values of the Sherwood number can be predicted with the Frössling equation using a Reynolds number based on a velocity value in the range between the slip velocity and the terminal velocity of a single ion-exchange particle.
The ISPH algorithm considered is as proposed by Lind et al. [25], based on the projection method with a divergence-free velocity field and using a stabilising procedure based on particle shifting.
