The secondary efficacy end points included measurements of upper eyelash length (mm), eyelash thickness (mm), and eyelash darkness (intensity units) using a validated digital image analysis (DIA) of superior-view digital eyelash photographs taken with standardized equipment and subject positioning at each study visit (except for week 1).
In addition, we have evaluated retinal fundus images using a validated computer-assisted program and standardized assessment of a range of vascular risk factors.
All images were adjusted mathematically using a validated method to simulate the appearance of images from a CR imaging system at the same dose and on both systems at half this dose.
BAd was assessed by a single trained operator using a validated and automated, beat-by-beat image-processing software package (Vascular Tools 4.6; Medical Imaging Applications, Coralville, IA) previously introduced (Sonka and Lauer 2002) and independently validated (Mancini et al. 2002; Preik et al. 2000).
Image analysis of the CT volumes was performed using a validated 3D volume fusion tool (Maguire et al. 1991, Noz et al. 2001, Gorniak et al. 2003).
Quantitative cartilage measurements of normal and OA subjects' knees were obtained using a validated segmentation technique on both 1 T and 1.5 T MRI images.
CT images were evaluated by two independent experienced chest radiologists blinded to clinical or functional information, using a validated scoring system [ 13].
Plasma samples were analysed using a validated analytical method.
Psychological distress was measured using a validated five-item, short-version instrument, the SCL-5.
We induced tonic pain using a validated cold pressor test (CPT) [14, 15, 21].
