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The present study sought to describe gender differences in overall HIV risk behaviors among individuals recently released from prison using a validated, composite measure of drug- and sex-related risk behaviors.
Maternal morbidity was measured using a validated composite indicator of adverse outcomes [ 12].
Similarly to the first study, primary efficacy was evaluated using a validated composite key symptom score.
The severity and localization of the type and sites of autonomic dysfunction were graded and compared using a validated composite autonomic scoring scale (CASS) [ 27, 28].
We described individual-level SES using education as a proxy, and area-level SES using a validated composite index linking geocoded addresses to U.S. Census data.
We determined health professional shortage areas, number of state-level rheumatologists, and county-level SES using a validated composite of US Census variables.
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Symptoms of autonomic dysfunction were assessed using a validated instrument, the Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale (COMPASS).
HRQOL of 528 prostate cancer patients was analysed using a validated questionnaire (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite) before a curative treatment.
Formal assessments of body composition were assessed by DEXA using a validated in-house protocol71.
Diet was assessed in gestational week 11 14 and 36 37 using a validated 360-item Food Frequency Questionnaire.
Body surface area was calculated using a validated weight–height formula (Haycock et al., 1978).
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using a validated cold
using a validated adaptive
using a validated nonlinear
using a validated mathematical
using a validated computational
using a validated five-item
using a validated self-administered
using a validated dual-analyte
using a validated structured
using a validated semi-automated
using a validated Taqman-based
using a validated numerical
using a validated pure
using a validated EMG-assisted
using a central composite
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com