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When there was evidence for saturation, the parsimony analysis was adjusted using a step matrix by weighting transversions inversely against transitions, based on their frequency.
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Given the number of transitions and transversions as calculated in MacClade 4.08 [44] (88 transitions and 22 transversions) yielding a transition-transversion ratio of 4 1, we downweighted transitions four times using a step-matrix.
We applied 10 randomized chains using a step function of five for all three matrices.
A distance based tree was estimated using maximum parsimony with PAUP* (4.0) (Swofford, 2002); a step matrix was used to estimate the distance between homozygous and heterozygous positions, where each of the homozygotes is two steps apart from each other and one step from the heterozygote.
When we used a Sankoff (step matrix) in PAUP* [ 64] to force the minimum number of mutations (steps) required to transform from one aa to another, we obtained the same trees found without using the matrix (tree not show).
(638) The other approach integrated lipidomics and transcriptomics data collected by the LIPID MAPS Consortium (www.lipidmaps.org) for RAW264.7 cells using a two-step matrix-based approach wherein the rate constants obtained from the first step were further refined using generalized constrained nonlinear optimization.
Use a step counter.
We experiment our approach using a matrix assembly step of an industrial application from Dassault Aviation on standard Xeon multicores and Xeon Phi KNC manycores.
Table 2 Results of statistical test using a convolution matrix method in Step 2: mean values of AIC (at a first-level analysis) and z-values (at a second-level analysis, df = 15) Open image in new window Blue cells show (z>2.33, (p<.01)) and red cells show (z>3.09, (p<.001)).
The partition function of this walk model is the sum of the unnormalized weights of different paths consisting of (t - 1) steps and is calculated using a transfer matrix method.
Artificial bone tissue scaffolds based on natural hybrids of cellulose acetate (CA) and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) were fabricated in a bio-mimicking 3D matrix architecture using a single step nanomanufacturing technique and were used for in-vitro bone regeneration studies for up to 14 days.
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