We used a "step down" approach to test for enrichment of genes within the pathways from each end of the ranked gene list.
All analyses of variance were interpreted using a step-down approach.
Due to the inclusion of more than one dose, efficacy had to be evaluated using a step-down approach.
Shared recurrent costs such as supplies, and utilities were valued using a step-down approach to costing and allocated based on the facility utilisation by malaria patients.
We examined associations between variables and outcomes in bivariate and then multivariate analysis based on the Mantel Haenszel procedure [ 20], using a step-down approach to final models of variables significantly associated with the outcome.
Each recorded trait was tested using a step-down approach from fitting all available fixed and random effects, and covariates in a mixed model: The dairy traits were analysed using Equation (1) where T ijklmno was one of milk yield, fat weight, protein weight, fat %, protein % or log10 somatic cell count.
Adjustment for multiplicity was performed using a step-down approach: if the comparison between aclidinium and placebo for the primary endpoint (exercise endurance time) was significant at the 5% level, then the secondary endpoints were tested in turn (trough IC first, intensity of dyspnea at isotime second).
For fixed costs such as space rental and administrative personnel expenditures, we used a step-down approach [14].
We used a step-down approach to produce final models with all remaining variables significantly associated with the outcome.
To control FDR at α level, we use a step-down approach as follows: (i) start at λ = α, we calculate the varying thresholds and report all peaks passing the thresholds; (ii) we increase λ to λ = kα, where k denotes the total number of peaks detected in previous iterations, and we recalculate the varying thresholds and call more peaks; and (iii) we repeat step 2 until no more peaks can be found.
