Consequently, we have compared them using a standardised measure of the number of projects per 100 relevant establishments in 2008, i.e. the year in the middle of the period we are examining.
This is an obvious concern when using a standardised measure with validated cut-offs.
The primary outcome is service user engagement in activities 12 months after randomisation, assessed using a standardised measure.
First study to have assessed the impact of individual risk attitudes of physicians on antibiotic prescribing using a standardised measure scale.
Our study states original findings, and is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to have assessed the individual risk attitudes of physicians using a standardised measure scale.
In addition, we used a standardised measure of alcohol problems to establish level of drinking among participants, which further strengthened validity and triangulation of qualitative data.
If a paper used a standardised measure, and did not report the reliability or validity, a cursory search of Google Scholar (using the measure name and 'validity' or 'reliability') was undertaken.
We used a standardised measure and presented incidence rates of VTE and VTE-associated mortality as well, thus enabling differentiation between the two outcome measures and allowing for international comparisons.
Two previous studies have reported no significant association between smoking reduction and mental health; although, both were small and therefore may have been insufficiently powered to detect associations, and only one used a standardised measure of mental health.
To assess the adequacy of analgesic care, we used a standardised measure, the pain management index (PMI), that compares the most potent analgesic prescribed for a patient with the reported level of the worst pain of that patient together with a selected list of clinical indicators.
