Audit data are systematically collected using a standard data collection form (designed by surgeons) which covers all aspects of surgical care (see online supplementary 2 not for publication).
Data were extracted from all eligible articles using a standard data collection form to collect information about study design, interventions, and outcome measures (Table 1).
We extracted the useful data from eligible studies by using a standard information collection survey including the following items: first author's name, publication year, recruitment period, country of origin, follow-up time, number of patients, number of patients with ENE, and HR/OR with 95%% CI.
After informed consent was obtained, epidemiologic and clinical data were collected from the participants by using a standard data collection form with interview and medical record review.
After informed consent was obtained, epidemiologic and clinical data were collected from all study participants by using a standard data collection form, through interview and medical record review.
We conducted phone interviews using a standard data collection questionnaire and, for each of the recruited subjects, the GP filled a data collection sheet.
The data collectors visited medicine outlets and collected information on medicine availability and price using a standard data collection form specific to the medicines being surveyed in Guatemala.
Data were collected by direct observation of routine clinical consultations using a standard data collection tool developed to document critical components of the clinical encounter.
All data were independently extracted using a standard data collection form by 2 reviewers (XXW and FRH), then, the collected data were checked and entered into Review Manager analysis software (RevMan) Version 5.3.
