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For the resampling attack, the watermarked speech signals were initially downsampled using a specific sampling factor.
The main reasons for using a specific sampling strategy were to increase the precision in FEAT research and to reduce the sample variation and error.
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A study carried out in the Netherlands [ 3] examined adverse events and preventable deaths using a specific sample of cases of death and found that, among the patients who died, 10.7% had suffered an adverse event, while preventable adverse events accounted for 4.1% of hospital deaths.
Using a specific sample size electronic calculator [ 24], and based on the effect-size data from this study, 32% power for repeated testing of the neck angle was found (for 80% power, 146 subjects required), 25% power for repeated testing of the gaze angle (for 80% power, 360 subjects required) and 28% power for repeated testing of the head on neck angle (for 80% power, 312 subjects required).
An alternative approach that may offer more flexibility is to use a specific sample size formula.
The NIS uses a specific sample of hospitals in the USA [ 10], excluding, among others, the nationwide system of Veterans Hospitals.
The heparinized blood samples were tested by using a specific qPCR; samples from only 1 patient were positive for C. burnetii.
Techniques for minimizing selection bias include using a specific time period as a sampling frame, taking a random sample of all patients, or sometimes in hospitals that see and treat smaller numbers overall, recruiting all available patients.
In parallel, 0.1 mL was decanted into Delvotest SP-NT ampoules using a specific pipette for each sample.
Activity was assayed in extracts from control and irradiated samples using a specific colorimetric substrate as described [26].
We amplified these 15 samples using a Specific Target Amplification (STA) protocol on the 47 targeted SNPs [ 24].
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