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By using a specific antagonist that binds the C-terminal tail of nucleolin, the HB-19 pseudopeptide, here we show that the growth of tumor cells and angiogenesis are suppressed in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models.
Similar results were obtained using a specific antagonist for α7-containing neuronal nicotinic receptors, methyllycaconitine (MLA): 10 nM MLA applied to the bath did not noticeably affect EACh (a mean difference of −0.9 mV; n = 4), while gsyn decreased by a statistically not significant 10.8%.
The importance of the S1P2 receptor in insulin resistance was demonstrated by blocking the receptor using a specific antagonist (JTE-013), thereby increasing hepatic insulin signalling [ 86, 109].
To prove that IAPP deficiency is the sole reason for unresponsiveness to a hyperglycemia-induced delay in gastric emptying, direct inhibition of the IAPP effects using a specific antagonist would be required to fulfill Koch's postulates.
To prove that IAPP deficiency was the sole reason for the lack of delay in gastric emptying, direct inhibition of the IAPP effects using a specific antagonist would be required.
By using a specific antagonist that binds the C-terminal RGG domain of nucleolin, the HB-19 pseudopeptide, we recently reported that targeting surface nucleolin with HB-19 suppresses progression of established human breast tumor cells in the athymic nude mice, and delays development of spontaneous melanoma in the RET transgenic mice.
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In this study we used a specific antagonist of VEGF binding to the NRP1 b1 domain, EG3287, to investigate the functional roles of NRP1 in human carcinoma cell lines, non-small-cell lung A549, kidney ACHN, and prostate DU145 cells expressing NRP1, and the underlying mechanisms involved.
Finally, using cytotoxicity assays we have shown that the increase of intracellular Ca2+ leads to dASC death, an effect that can be prevented using a specific P2X7 antagonist.
Using a specific β2-antagonist, they then determined that the increased DNA damage occurred as a result of nuclear export and p53 degradation through receptor-specific mechanisms.
Furthermore, the spatial rearrangement of GABAARs could be abolished by using gabazine, a specific antagonist of GABAARs, or by depolymerizing MTs using nocodazole [24].
Using a specific small molecule SMO antagonist, a neutralising anti-Hh antibody and genetic ablation of SMO in the murine stroma, the investigators made the key observation that the secretion of Hh ligand by epithelial cells does not correlate with the expression of the Hh target genes in the tumour compartment but rather is associated with canonical activity in stromal cells.
More suggestions(15)
using a different antagonist
using a specific chart
using a specific control
using a pharmacological antagonist
using a specific bubble
using a specific pipette
using a specific section
using a specific mask
using a specific tool
using a specific database
using a specific case
using a specific cache-protection
using a specific user
using a specific train
using a specific inhibitor
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com