The data was smoothed using a three-clone sliding window and CGH plotter [29] was used to identify the extent of alterations using a segmentation constant of 7. Log2 ratios for two continuous BAC clones outside the threshold ranges were classified as copy number changes including gain (threshold +0.25), loss (−0.25), amplification (+1) and homozygous loss (−1).
Statistically significant regions of amplification and deletion were next defined using a segmentation algorithm, and the occurrence of specific aberrations compared across the tumor regions.
Both programs infer CNV states from array data based on LRR and BAF; the difference between the two methods is the iterative mathematical methods utilised: QuantiSNP uses an objective Bayes hidden-Markov model, while Nexus SNPRank uses a segmentation algorithm (a variation of the circular binary segmentation) that recursively divides chromosomes into segments of common intensity distribution.
Freesurfer (16), an SBM method with realistic cortical reconstruction that allows for manual correction of topological errors (17), uses a segmentation procedure based on the identification of gray white matter and gray matter pial boundaries, as well as a surface-based registration that aligns cortical folding patterns.
For the segmentation step, the data were processed using a joint segmentation of the bivariate signal (LRR and BAF) [ 34].
The simulator takes a magnetic resonance image of a given patient at end diastole, uses a manual segmentation of that image to model the geometry of the myocardium and sets the parameters of the constitutive model used for biomechanical simulation according to a regional labeling of the contractility of the myocardium for that patient.
For example, most of recent studies on tendon adaptation used a manual segmentation of magnetic resonance or ultrasonographic images to determine the tendon CSA.
To evaluate the thickness of the 10 retinal layers in the paramacular area of Parkinson disease patients using a new segmentation technology of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to examine whether the thickness of specific layers predicts neurodegeneration or Parkinson disease severity.
The segmentation is conducted using a proposed segmentation framework that consists of an integration of several digital image processing algorithms.
The clustering procedure delivers a set of feature prototypes that we use to determine a segmentation of the trajectory into repeatedly occurring prototypical elementary flight movements.
