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At one station, two 40 s velocity seismograms, in both vertical and horizontal directions, are bandpass filtered between 2 and 8 Hz, converted into envelope waveforms, and smoothed by using a running average over 15 samples.
The simplest way of data treatment in such cases is to calculate a smoothened trajectory: e. g. using a running average, and either subtract this smoothened data or, in one further step, fit a low order polynomial to the smoothened data and subtract the fitted values from the trajectory.
The data is filtered using a running average algorithm with a window of 11 pixels for an effective resolution of 4 cm−1.
We therefore excluded the range (70 74 bp upstream of dyads) from consideration, but we complemented and displayed the mononucleotide and mutation rates in the range in Fig. 2f, Additional file 2: Figure S4d and Additional file 3: Figure S5d because we smoothed the rates using a running average over 41-bp window.
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Then, for each pixel, we extracted a background frame by choosing the sample that best fits each corresponding pixel from input frame and used it as a running average background model.
Dataset without a running average was used.
Our tool predicts the mean value of path loss so the measured data were averaged using a running RMS window of 20 λ0 for the lines measured in the corridor (with a step of about 0.45 m) and of 5 λ0 elsewhere (measurement with a step of 0.13 m). Figure 7 displays measured data together with averaged values.
These category-specific estimates were then smoothed using a weighted running average with weights proportional to the product of fixed weights and one over the asymptotic variance of the category-specific ERR estimates.
After the roll data were decimated to a sampling rate of 1 Hz and filtered using a 5-point running average, their derivative was taken to provide a continuous description of the direction of roll (i.e., clockwise vs. counter-clockwise) for the duration of the tag recordings.
These measures were smoothed using a 5 point running average before correlation with the perceived velocity of movement for each subject.
Functions were smoothed using a 3-point running average.
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