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To minimize the effect of common method variance, we tested our hypothesis using a research design in which we collected data at two points in time separated by 1 month.
Our study mitigates some of these problems using a research design that relates changes in investment cash flow sensitivity to changes in the bid-ask spread measure of information asymmetry surrounding (i) implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act and (ii) deregulation of firms in the Transportation, Telecommunication, and Petroleum and Natural Gas industries.
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Our empirical test of the model used a research design that takes into account time-lag effects.
For example, this approach has used a research design based on cross-border pairs in a specification that (initially) included county-pair/period interactions so as to control for shocks common to both counties.
We use a research design oriented around a comparison of sharply different parties the unstable Democratic Left in Ecuador and the stable Broad Front in Uruguay to develop the distinctiveness of static and dynamic nationalization.
Mixed-method research uses a research design that applies multiple methods (for example, quantitative and qualitative approaches) either independently or sequentially in order to understand certain phenomena such as environment-migration relationships (Tashakkori and Teddlie 2003).
This study used a research design that included multiple reporters of the main study constructs, hypothesised confounders and information about genetic relatedness to consider whether breastfeeding is related to a key index of psychological functioning in middle childhood (conduct problems).
However, our goal was to use a research design that minimized the intensity of evaluation activities, and it is possible that increasing surveillance visits would have simultaneously exacerbated reporting biases.
Using a research by design approach, we did three rounds of observation, paper sketches, and user testing of prototypes.
However, we recognise that this study provides only preliminary evidence of effectiveness of the training package and further research of its effectiveness using a stronger research design on a larger scale is merited.
This is the first study focused on care transitions and performance measures, thus, more research and testing of these measures using a rigorous research design are needed to determine their actual usefulness and feasibility.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com