The idea is a simple one: rather than retrofitting tunnels with metal floodgates or other expensive structures, the project aims to use a relatively cheap inflatable plug to hold back floodwaters.
Today the vessels use a relatively cheap bunker fuel with a sulphur content of 1.0%% in the ECA region.
The proposed antenna uses a relatively cheap substrate FR-4 with permittivity ɛr = 4.4 and loss tangent tanδ = 0.02.
Our results were compared with those from industrial trials, to ascertain if the scratch test could be used as a relatively cheap and effective alternative to expensive engine trials.
The plan, funded in part by NASA, could lead to the harvest up to 100 metric tons of water from an asteroid near Earth, which in turn could be used as a relatively cheap and convenient source of propellant for spacecraft, its supporters say. .
Therefore, Stagecoach's ability to offset staff cost pressure with price increases (as occurred in the early 2000s) is now limited, especially given the lower price of fuel which may encourage a modal shift (making private car use a relatively cheap alternative to bus).
The US state of Oregon uses magnesium chloride, a relatively cheap chemical similar in snow-melting effects to sodium chloride, but less reactive, while New Zealand uses calcium magnesium acetate, which avoids the environmentally harmful chloride ion altogether.
These researchers used a relatively simple and cheap in vitro BBB model [31, 32].
Another method is to derive muscle activity from muscle thickness [ 4– 7] using ultrasound measurement (USM), which is a relatively cheap, non-invasive, and an easy-to-use method entailing no health risk for the subject [ 7].
