First, using a relative-rate test we excluded that chaetognaths evolved at a significantly higher rate than other taxa (p-value 0.087), which is, for instance, the case for platyhelminthes which did evolve faster (p-value 0.014).
Realizing that a fungal outgroup might not have been adequate for their analyses, and in the absence of a closer outgroup, these authors used a relative-rate test (for an overview, see Robinson et al. 1998) based approach to identify clock-like genes.
Using a relative heart rate measure, the first experiment compared individually selected phrases focused on the positive consequences of exercise to general topographic advice about how to exercise using an alternating treatments design, and found that participants exercised harder in the presence of the reinforcer-focused phrases.
Using a relative simple experimental method, the sputtering rate has been measured under specific plasma nitriding conditions.
Multistage models were also fitted using a linear relative rate model; a model in which the transition rate for the penultimate stage was affected by benzene exposure provided the best fit to these data (Table 5).
We use stochastic transitions, with a relative rate of 100/a.u. for the formation of transcriptionally active complex, so in the case of a realistic system with multiple genes, the genes are fired asynchronously and multiple trajectories with different sequences of gene activation are sampled.
They carried out a relative rate test (using the RRTree program) to compare the chaetognath sequence to the other ones (considered globally) and obtained a P-value of 0.087, stating that it excludes "...the possibility that the current branching of chaetognaths is an LBA artefact".
We used a Pairwise Relative Rates Test [47] to detect sequences with significantly different evolutionary rates, as implemented in HyPhy 0.99b [48] with a GTR+Γ substitution model and a "Local" model.
A relative rates test was used to estimate the rate of evolution for VEEV in Mexico and elsewhere.
