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Using a reciprocal titer of 27 or more as a positive cut-off level may underestimate the actual number of EBLV-seropositive bats, especially when samples have been pooled.
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To eliminate false-positive results, studies in Spain (16 ) used a reciprocal titer of 27 as a cutoff for EBLV-1, while others (14 ) used a threshold titer of 9. We used a reciprocal titer >27 as a positive cutoff level; samples with lower titers were considered negative.
Orthologs were identified using a reciprocal best hit approach.
Second, a reciprocal titer >64 was considered positive per the test kit instructions.
The IFA result for Hantaan antibodies was positive at a reciprocal titer >2,048.
A reciprocal titer was calculated for each serum sample as the maximal dilution still significantly reacting to a specific antigen.
Furthermore, 6 samples from S1-positive and 2 from S1-negative persons with camel contact showed a reciprocal titer of 10, but titers of 10 were not observed in the noncontact cohorts.
Seroconversion rate is defined as the proportion of participants who have a reciprocal titer of less than 10 before vaccination and a titer of more than 40 after vaccination or have a HI titer of more than 10 before vaccination and at least a four-fold increase in titer after vaccination.
15,788 OGs were retrieved using a best reciprocal hit approach.
Use of a higher reciprocal titer for the cutoff may increase the specificity of the test and reduce the number of false-positive results.
All samples were analyzed in duplicate and serially diluted by using a 3-fold series (representing reciprocal titers of 9, 27, 81, and 243 19,683) (6 ).
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