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Patients' socioeconomic status is also available using a proxy income, defined by county-specific ZIP code according to the US census.
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While there were no significant between-group differences in age, years of successfully completed education, number of school grades repeated, or socioeconomic status (measured using a proxy measure of annual income) at either initial recruitment or follow-up, women and Afrikaans-speakers outnumbered men and English speakers, respectively (see table 1).
So we're stuck using a proxy.
The sender had used a proxy, but the proxy masking Guccifer's location was Russian.
NEVER use a proxy server.
Remember to use a proxy.
Since there was no information on income (a weakness of the data), the type of employment of patients was used as a proxy for income.
Total household consumption expenditure is used as a proxy for income.
This was used as a proxy for income, as the two variables were somewhat correlated.
In addition to age, gender and place of residence, the SES variables were level of education and a score for household amenities, used as a proxy for income.
Census tract median income data were used as a proxy of individual income and calculated through record linkage between the Torino Population Register and the 1998 Tax Register of the Ministry of Finance.
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