For one thing, an election traditionally used to register a protest vote against national governments may for the first time be used to deliver an almighty kick to Europe itself.
Options i), ii), or iv) of these follow-up questions, combined with the WTP of €0, were used to identify a protest vote (PV), an answer indicating that respondents did not accept the concept of WTP.
Padden: I was using my vote as a protest vote to highlight Governor Reagan's support of the pro-life cause, but it was not going to ever be at the expense of the election itself.
As such, I'm using this opportunity to lodge a protest vote in favor of Will Forte, the star and lead creative visionary behind the most unique sitcom on TV.
Only at Royal Bank of Scotland, where the government used its 70% stake as a protest vote against former chief executive Sir Fred Goodwin's £17m pension pot, has dissent been greater at a leading company.
The two-part structure of France's presidential race means that many voters may be using the first round to afford themselves a protest vote.
Even at parliamentary and local by-elections, when Protestant Labour supporters have cast a protest vote, they have usually used the Scottish National Party rather than the Tories to do it.Despite all this integration, there is still insecurity among Catholics.
So don't use the Fafsa as a place to cast a protest vote.
Respondents who gave unrealistically high WTP values, possibly as a way of a protest vote, were excluded from further analyses through the use of a 1.5% cut-off of the highest values, in line with the literature [ 21].
Just a protest vote, then?
