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Photoprotected (a) and photoaged (b) skin biopsies collected from the buttock and forearm respectively, of a 75 year old individual were immunofluorescently stained for the key elastic fibre component fibrillin-1 using a primary monoclonal antibody (clone 11C1.3) and a red fluorescently-labelled secondary antibody.
To confirm that the imaging probes accumulated in sites of vascular inflammation, immunohistochemistry was performed, using a primary monoclonal antibody against the macrophage marker CD68 along with a secondary antibody conjugated to Dyelight649.
After six hours of infection, cellular hypoxia was visualized using a primary monoclonal antibody IgG1 that detects protein adducts of pimonidazole in hypoxic cells (Hypoxyprobe-1Mab1; NPI, Burlington, USA) and secondary Cy3-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG antibodies (Dianova, Hamburg, Germany).
Similar experiments using a primary monoclonal antibody directed against the COUP-TFI homologue, a closely related protein, were done and no expression was observed in the VMH while it was clearly expressed in cortical subpopulations on the same cryostat section, as previously described [20] (figure 4I J).
Staining was performed using a primary monoclonal antibody.
Biotinylated samples were then detected by immunoblotting using a primary monoclonal anti-biotin antibody (Sigma-Aldrich).
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As a control, we used a primary monoclonal anti-SmD antibody without sample adding and we tested its direct cross-reactivity with the secondary Ab following the IP procedure.
In these experiments we used a primary monoclonal antibody against β-COP and a secondary antibody coupled to the STED compatible dye, ATTO647, to identify the putative COPI coated carrier.
The amount of bound properdin was estimated using a primary mouse monoclonal antibody to factor P (diluted 1∶2000; Quidel) and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibodies (diluted 1∶7500; Promega) using the above-described ELISA method.
Expression of intermediate filaments in primary cultured EBF was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining against vimentin using a primary mouse monoclonal antibody and a secondary anti-mouse FITC-antibody (Dako Deutschland GmbH, Hamburg, Germany).
Actin was identified using a primary mouse monoclonal anti-β-actin antibody (Clone AC-15 Mouse Ascites Fluid, 1 1,000, 2 hours, 22°C) (Sigma-Aldrich) and a secondary (H+L -HRP conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1:3,300, 80 minutes, 22°C) (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc).. CH+L -HRPnesconjugatedction was performed as described above, exposingoate film to the membrane for less than 5 minutes.
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