The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were taken using a Physical Electronic system (Model PHI5600 ESCA, MN, USA) for elemental analysis at room temperature, which was operated in the constant energy pass mode using monochromatic Al Kα X-rays (hυ = 1,486.6 eV).
Magnetization measurements were carried out using a physical property measurement system (PPMS-9, Quantum Design).
The electrical properties of the SWNTs are measured from room temperature down to 2 K, using a physical properties measurement system (PPMS, Quantum Design Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) for the temperature control.
The heat capacities were determined in the range from T = (2 to 300) K by a relaxation technique using a Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS) from Quantum Design, and in the range from T = (283 to 873) K by means of a Sensys DSC from Setaram applying the Cp-by-step method.
The specific heat is measured from room temperature down to 10 K using a physical property measurement systems (PPMS, Quantum Design).
XPS analysis was performed using a Physical Electronics 5600 multi-technique system, with a base pressure of 1 × 10−10 Torr (ultra-high vacuum) using monochromatic AlKαX-ray source, at hv = 1486.6 eV, with a resolution of 200 × 200 μm.
Recent results show that using a physical model within a data assimilation system is only beneficial if accurate drivers of the model are available.
In order to assess the solution that was realized, one respirator with a feedback control of tidal volume division was tested using a physical model of the adult respiratory system and in clinical conditions, during thoracic surgery.
For electrical transport studies, we used a physical property measurement system (Quantum Design, PPMS, San Diego, USA).
Inverse problems in science and engineering aim at estimating model parameters of a physical system using observations of the model's response.
