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The general approach was to conduct a baseline CFD analysis (using a range of simplifications/assumptions) and validate this using a physical experiment before using CFD alone for iterative design improvement.
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Finally, we use the phase diagram to design a nonlinear protocol that might be used in a physical experiment to control the nonlinear morphological evolution of a growing crystal.
To further test the performance of the proposed algorithm, experiments using a physical model were conducted.
Note that while the derivation of the empirical rules proposed in [46, 47] are based on simulation studies, this paper investigates the validity of the properties through experiments using a physical underwater snake robot [24].
Experiments using a physical mixture of Cu/SiO2 and ZnO/SiO2 showed that ZnOχ species migrated from the ZnO particles onto the Cu surface upon reduction with H2, leading to the formation of the Cu+ active species in the vicinity of the ZnOχ species on Cu.
It is developed using a physical basis where the model's parameters can easily be extracted from the experiment data.
Consider using a physical example.
[A similar concept, in one degree of freedom, was pioneered by a group at MIT (see Hover et al., 1998), in studies of vortex-induced vibration of cables.] Although the use of a cyber-physical system has clear advantages over using a purely physical experiment, there are serious challenges to overcome in the design of the governing control system.
A physical experiment using an appropriate electric circuit confirms the above results.
Validation against a physical experiment was first carried out using measurements obtained from an experimental set-up of a thermo-active foundation.
In the case of a physical experiment, you'd manually enter both the experiment and the results, then SigOpt could tell you what variation to test next.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com