Sentence examples for using a penalized likelihood from inspiring English sources

The logistic regression model, using a penalized likelihood ratio test, was then performed to ascertain the effects of age, race, ISS, TRISS, ICU days and hospital length of stay on the likelihood that patients would survive their injuries.

A logistic regression model using a penalized likelihood ratio test was performed to ascertain the effects of age, race/ethnicity, Injury Severity Score (ISS) (Copes et al. 1988), Trauma Related Injury Severity Scores (TRISS Boydyd et al. 1987), Intensive Care Unit (ICU) days, and hospital length of stay (HLOS) on the likelihood of patient survival.

The age of the Austronesian expansion was then estimated using these calibrations on all 4,200 trees in the posterior using a penalized likelihood rate-smoothing approach implemented in the program r8s v1.71 [60], [60].

Because the analysis requires an ultrametric tree, one was constructed using a penalized likelihood method also implemented in ape.

The overall model is fitted using a penalized likelihood maximization approach with the gam function in the mgcv R package (Wood, 2010).

Divergence times for all nodes within rosids were calculated using a penalized likelihood approach as implemented in the r8s program [ 37].

The first approach uses a penalized likelihood based metric such as Akaike's (AIC) [ 14] or Bayesian Information Criterion BICC) [ 15].

In order to obtain appropriate results when the number of discordant case/control pairs (ie, pairs where the factor is present in the case and absent in the control, or vice versa) is 0, we use a penalized likelihood approach [ 15].

It also takes account of stochastic noise caused by the finite length of the sequences used to derive the branch lengths using a penalized-likelihood approach.

This model selection issue can be solved using a penalized log-likelihood criterion for which the choice of a good penalty function is crucial.

To estimate the divergence times, the RAxML tree was used to apply a penalized likelihood analysis in the program r8s v1.7 [ 82] with the origin of the Ascomycota at 500-650 mya [ 83].