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Wide-scan data were collected using a pass energy of 117.4 eV.
High energy resolution spectra were collected using a pass energy of 46.95 eV.
Survey spectra were acquired for binding energies in the range 50 to 1,200 eV using a pass energy of 30 eV.
Monochromatic Al Kα X-rays were used (15 kV, 150 W) and the spectra were measured using a pass energy of 80 eV for survey spectra and 30 eV for core level spectra.
A charge neutralizer was used to reduce charging effects, and data were taken using a pass energy of 10 eV producing a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.5 eV.
The high-resolution spectra were recorded using a pass energy of 20 eV and a step size of 0.1 eV.
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A monochromatic Al X-ray source at 100 W was used with a pass energy of 26 eV and a 45° takeoff angle.
The measurements were carried out on XPS PHI 5000 Versa probe apparatus using a band-pass energy of 187.85 eV, a 45° takeoff angle, and a 100.0-μm-diameter 100.0-μm-diameter 100.0-μm-diameter
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were collected on XPS PHI 5000 VersaProbe apparatus using a band-pass energy of 187.85 eV, a 45° takeoff angle, and a 100.0-μm-diameter 100.0-μm-diameter 100.0-μm-diameter
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were conducted with a JPS-9030 spectrometer using a monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source with a pass energy of 20 eV.
The Cr2p and O1s core-level spectra were recorded using Al Kα radiation (photon energy = 1253.6 eV) at a pass energy of 50 eV.
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