For determination of important characteristics of cosmic rays (particle fluxes, LET and fast neutron spectra, equivalent doses and heavy ion fluxes) a nuclear emulsion has been used as a controllable threshold detector.
Tanaka et al. overcame these difficulties by using nuclear emulsion photographic films.
Nano-CAT was formulated using a double emulsion solvent evaporation method.
PLGA microspheres were fabricated using a double emulsion process as described in Section 2.1 (Fig. 1A).
So far, such a resolution has been achieved only by using nuclear emulsions (Tanaka et al., 2007a c, 2008; Tanaka and Yokoyama, 2008).
PLG-PEMA nanoparticles were prepared using a single emulsion-solvent evaporation method.
The use of nuclear emulsion photographic films for muon observation at volcano was originally impractical due to the numerous particle tracks that had to be read manually.
Those NPs were made using an emulsion method, which results in NPs that are very heterogeneous in size [ 15].
In our previous study, the PLGA-NPs were synthesized using an emulsion method yielding non-homogeneous particles.
We also report the neutron-induced background as a function of the read-out threshold, by using a GEANT4 simulation of the nuclear emulsion, showing that it amounts to about 0.06 per year per kilogram, fully compatible with the design of a 10 kg × year exposure.
