For these reasons, HELIX uses a multilevel study design, drawing on nested study populations for four different levels of data collection, as follows: The entire six cohorts comprising 32,000 mother child pairs will form the basis of existing data.
In phase 1 of this study, we used a multilevel study design in which volunteers (level 1) were asked to return for multiple visits (level 2) for blood donations so that we could assess both between- and within-individual variability in cytokine response (level 3).
Using a multilevel model, this study demonstrates statistically significant variability in access to EHRs across the Ontario cancer system.
This study, using a multilevel modeling approach, was able to identify factors operating at both individual and community levels that affect mothers and children getting PMTCT services.
In Study 4, we replicated the findings from Study 3, using a multilevel sample (92 secondary teachers, 2749 students), a longitudinal research design, and student measures of teachers' motivating styles.
The study was conceptualized using a multilevel framework, with the levels being: country, city, neighborhood, household, and individual.
In our MRMC study we calculated average net benefit using a multilevel approach similar to meta-analysis, treating each reader as if in an individual "study".
The clustered design of the study was taken into account by using a multilevel logistic model.
The matched-cohort design of the study was incorporated into the analysis using a multilevel modelling approach.
In our study, we incorporated these considerations and analyzed our data using a multilevel linear model with mixed effects [ 19- 22].
