By immersing a hunk of gypsum in a sample of the cave's waters and using a microscopic imaging technique that allowed the scientists to directly measure crystal growth, the team found that at 55°C, near the temperature at which the crystals would have grown most slowly, it would take around 990,000 years for a gypsum crystal 1 meter in diameter to form.
HT-29LMM cells were used for further experiments due to better comparability with results from earlier studies using a similar microscopic technique within the liver.
Contact nucleation and the growth rate of sucrose crystals were followed using a photo-microscopic technique.
A morphological study using a transmission electron microscopic technique showed that with increasing content of styrene in the system the frequency distribution of the diameter of PS particles becomes increasingly broader and a foam-like structure is formed.
More recently, using a transgenic mouse line (Grm6-GFP) in which ON-bipolar cells express green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the promoter of the gene Grm6, which encodes mGluR6 [39], Wong et al. [40] have provided a preliminary report using light microscopic techniques in which they describe ectopic terminal-like structures of ON-bipolars in the OFF substratum of the IPL.
In each of the Petri dish-based mini-bioreactors, a cell-loaded thin PCL or poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane with defined pore features was suspended in the medium, and cells within the pores could be observed in real time using a variety of microscopic techniques during static, or perfusion culture.
The crystal was subjected to a single pass at room temperature and then examined using various microscopic techniques including orientation imaging microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
The sequence of events was carefully characterised using different microscopic techniques.
These key parameters are usually determined after synthesis of nanostructures using electron microscopic techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Here, we report a detailed molecular description of the system in its fibrillar state by characterizing the ccβ-Met variant using several microscopic techniques, circular dichroism spectroscopy, X-ray fiber diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and molecular dynamics calculations.
