borosylicate glass capillary tubing using a micropipette puller.
Patch electrodes with a resistance of ≈2 MΩ were pulled from borosilicate micropipettes (Sutter Instrument Company, Novato, CA) using a micropipette puller (P-97 Sutter Instrument Co., Novato, CA) [5].
Injection needles were pulled from borosilicate glass capillary tubes with filament (Warner Instruments, Hamden, USA) using a micropipette puller (Narishige, Tokyo, Japan).
Pipettes were fabricated from borosilicate glass capillaries using a micropipette puller P-20000, Sutter Instrument, Novato, CA, USA) with resistance of 3 5 MΩ when filled with pipette solution.
Micropipettes were pulled from plain thick-walled borosilicate glass capillary (GC 150-10; Harvard Apparatus, Kent, UK) using a micropipette puller (Brown-Flaming Model P-97, Sutter Instrument Company, Novato, CA, USA).
MCMV inoculation to the placenta was performed via a fine glass micropipette with a diameter of 40 μm (Fig. 1A), which was made from a borosilicate glass capillary (No. 30-0019, 1.0 mm O.D. × 0.58 mm I.D., Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA) using a micropipette puller (Model P-97; Sutter Instrument Company, Novato, CA), as described for transient delivery of serotonin into the placenta.
A thin capillary of 1.1 mm internal diameter and 1.5 mm outer diameter was tapered to obtain a thin glass needle using a micropipette pulling instrument (Sutter Instrument Co. Novato, CA).
Borosilicate glass microcapillaries (Harvard Apparatus, 300038) were used with a micropipette puller device (Sutter Instruments Inc).
Microinjections were performed using a micropipette needle made from pulled glass capillary tubes.
We created a sharp concentration gradient using a micropipette prepared by a microelectrode puller (Narishige, PP-830).
Moreover, directly pulling on Cadherin-mediated cell cell contacts using a micropipette enlarges the cell cell contact area [ 35], suggesting that the Cadherin adhesion complex is mechanosensitive.
