As we know, a high-impedance material is suitable for ISFET devices; in contrast with ISFET devices using a high-impedance material as their sensing films, the ion sensing films of EGFET devices are fabricated using a low-impedance material for relatively better conductivity and sensitivity.
The interference signal is detected using a high-impedance gain balance photodetector having a provision for noise correction.
For the NPD measurement, we used a high-impedance voltmeter with a storage capacity for 100 data points (Knick Portamess 913, E) and AgCl electrodes with low impedance (less than 10 ohms).
The proton conductivity of the synthesized composite membranes was measured using a high precession impedance analyzer.
The chance of sympathetic detonation was expected to be reduced by the use of a high impedance material as a confinement.
These were collected using a high-precision LCR meter (Agilent 4284A), as described more fully in Schiemer et al. Impedance measurements were collected on a high-temerpature measurment system (Xian Jiaotong University, China) via a precision LCR meter (Agilent, E4980A).
The meander sensor element [CoNbZr (thickness, 4.3 μm; length, 5 mm; width, 30 μm; number of turns, 3) was fabricated using the lift-off process. A high impedance change over 200% was obtained at several hundred MHz.
A two-electrode system, in conjunction with a high impedance electrometer was used to measure the potential difference across the flame electrochemical cell.
Extracellular recordings were made with a high impedance probe (2×1012 Ω, 10 pF) using differential amplifiers with a bandwidth of 0.1 Hz–10 kHz (P511, Grass-Telefactor, West Warwick, RI, USA).
