The vaporisation rate was then determined from the decrease in sample activity with time, using a germanium gamma detector placed outside the furnace.
TEM investigations were carried out using a Philips CM20 (100 kV) transmission electron microscope equipped with a NARON energy-dispersive spectrometer with a germanium detector (Philips, Amsterdam, The Netherlands).
The instrument with 4 cm-1 of spectral resolution was equipped with a germanium detector cooled with liquid nitrogen and coupled to a RamanScopeIII microscope system.
The activity concentrations have been measured using a hyper-pure germanium detector.
The activity concentrations were measured via high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry using a hyper-pure germanium detector enclosed in a copper-lined passive lead shield that was situated in a low-background environment.
The procedure includes an absolute activity measurement by liquid scintillation counting using the Triple-to-Double Coincidence Ratio method, followed by X-ray spectrometry using a high-purity germanium detector to determine the photon emission intensities.
A dose calibrator (VDC405, Veenstra Instruments, Joure, The Netherlands) was used for the determination of 68Ga activities directly after elution (first day), and measurements of the activity were continued, after complete decay of the primarily eluted 68Ga, by high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry using a high-purity germanium detector system (HPGe, Ortec, Oak Ridge, TN, USA).
In order to discriminate between nuclear and electron recoil, both ionization and heat signatures are measured using cryogenic germanium detectors in this detection.
As no other nuclides are present in the samples, scintillation counting would be sufficient, though high-resolution spectrometry using high-purity germanium detectors is superior.
PET transmission scans were acquired for 5 10 min using a rotating Germanium rod source in order to perform attenuation correction.
