The reinforced concrete beams were tested using an MTS (Material Testing System) closed loop servo-hydraulic machine with a dynamic actuator having a capacity of 1,000 kN.
A specific servo hydraulic testing machine provided with a dynamic actuator that make it possible to realise tests at velocities up to 9 m/s was used.
In the RTDS tests, the seismic protective units were physically tested in the laboratory using a high performance dynamic actuator imposing, in real time, the displacement time histories obtained from numerical simulations being run in parallel.
For the microarray experiment, the right tibiae of 15-week-old female WT (n = 32), ovariectomized (WT-OVX, n = 32), neurectomized (WT-SN, n = 40) and ERα−/− mice (n = 24) were subjected to a single period of dynamic axial load using a hydraulic actuator under feedback control (Dartec HC10, Zwick Testing Machines Ltd., Leominster, UK).
Using a mechanical actuator, the machine sends a scanning head that moves like a train along the array of physical pixels, turning them as it moves.
Coarse and fine adjustment of sample focus is done using a piezo actuator combined with a differential micrometer (DRV517, Thorlabs).
Using an optical detection in standard AFM equipment, viscous drag was measured using a piezoelectric actuator to vibrate an AFM silicon cantilever (60).
Cyclic load was applied using servo hydraulic dynamic actuators with displacement-controlled load of frequency of 0.025 Hz.
The radiation cover is opened using a custom Frangibolt actuator from TiNi Aerospace.
Prior to use, the motion sensors were calibrated using a two-axis actuator that generated known needle motions under computer control.
