This paper uses a continuous approximation method to formulate the model.
In Sect. 4, we use a continuous approximation to analyze further the outcome of mutations in a single generation and show that one generation is already enough for genome size to be bounded, independently from the initial sizes of the genomes.
The strengths of the proposed approximation rely on the generic spatial discretization of the model equations using a continuous finite element type approximation technique, while avoiding the solution of a large linear system with a sparse mass matrix which would come along with any standard ODE solver in a classical finite element approach to advance the solution in time.
However, in practice, a continuous approximation as opposed to a discrete one is sought.
Demonstrations are performed in a 20 kV network to assess the performance of such a procedure compared to a predictive VVC using an OLTC continuous approximation.
If N is large, it may be convenient to use a continuous-time approximation of the payoff H.
In order to implement an improved accuracy analog function synthesizer circuit, the proposed method is to use a general continuous approximation function, g(x), having a Taylor series that can be made to fourth-order match a multitude of continuous mathematical functions, f(x).
Using the approximate free energy function, Eq. (2), and a continuous approximation for the hydrophobicity values h(A i ), it is possible to determine analytically the sequence with minimal energy subject to the constraint of constant normalized energy gap.
Due to the complexity of the problem, a continuous approximation (CA) model is used to represent the network.
Therefore, we choose for a continuous approximation model of a manufacturing machine, which is controlled using a PI controller with anti-windup.
