In addition to the water samples, depth profiles using a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) probe from Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE-19Plus) equipped with sensors for temperature, salinity, depth, and light were also carried out.
During this survey, 113 hydrographic stations were sampled (Fig. 2A) to acquire vertical profiles of physical-biogeochemical parameters using a conductivity-temperature-depth probe equipped with a dissolved oxygen sensor (CTDO).
Physical data were collected using an autonomous deep microstructure profiler (DMP) for turbulence measurements, a conductivity-temperature-depth sensor (CTD), and expendable bathy-thermographs (XBTs).
Water samples were collected using a rosette sampler equipped with 20 Niskin bottles (10 liter each) and a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) unit for monitoring salinity, temperature, transmission, and pressure (Idronout S.r.l, Italy).
Sampling was accomplished using a Conductivity, Temperature and Depth (CTD) probe Sea-Bird Electronicss, Bellevue, WA) and a rosette equipped with 10-liter Niskin bottles fitted with silicone closure springs.
Samples were collected using 10-L Niskin bottles mounted to a CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth meter) rosette.
We used an on-board 12 V peristaltic pump, with an 11 mm hose attached to the CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) probe on board a small boat.
During sample collection, water temperature, salinity, and depth were recorded with a Sea-Bird 911+ CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) profiler Sea-Bird Electronics Inc.., Bellevue, WA).
During the Filamentos 2008 survey, 113 Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) casts were realized along 11 cross-shore oceanographic sections using a Seabird (SBE) CTD profiler composed of an underwater unit with conductivity, temperature and pressure sensors and a SBE911plus V2 deck unit.
Salinity-Temperature-Depth (STD) and the more recent Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) systems have greatly improved on-site hydrographic sampling methods.
Over the last decade, southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) have been instrumented with CTD-SRDL tags (CTD stands for Conductivity-Temperature-Depth, and SRDL for Satellite-Relayed Data Loggers), measuring vertical profiles of temperature and salinity during their foraging trips2,3,4 (Fig. 1).
