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However, some empirical studies have attempted to measure resilience using a composite index as proxy indicator (Amaya, 2014; Alfani et al., 2015; Alinovi et al., 2015; Béné et al., 2016; Smith et al., 2015).
Staining was graded independently by two assessors (JN and AR) using a composite index.
We examined the extent to which a composite index of adverse life events was associated with delinquent behavior (measured using a composite index derived from nine items).
Work hours among hospital doctors can be measured by using a composite index of hours at work day and on-call duties [ 14, 19].
Each of the three complications assessed (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) were individually associated with lower DQOL scores in comparison with those without the complication; moreover, using a composite index, increasing numbers of advanced complications led to lower quality of life.
The clinical severity was quantified using a composite index derived from symptom burden, functional ability, cognition and persistence of illness as described in our previous work and in online supplement DS1.
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Second, we did not use a composite index or analyze occupation as a proxy of SES, it might be helpful in the future to use a composite index [5].
It first uses a composite index methodology to measure knowledge intensive entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial opportunities at the national level.
He used a composite index similar in structure, but different in content, to those used by mainstream surveyors, such as U.S. News & World Report.
In order to capture the extent of information asymmetry, we use a composite index based on market microstructure measures estimated from high frequency data: the bid-ask spread, the illiquidity measure developed in Amihud (2002), the price impact introduced by Huang and Stoll (1996), the Probability of Informed Trading (PIN) of Easley et al.
Furthermore, available studies used a composite index or score to rate area-level SEP.
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