The twice-yearly surveys, sponsored by the European Union, use a common questionnaire to determine trends in attitudes in categories such as cultural and national identity, international relations, living conditions, media, political participation, values and religion, and policy debates within the European Union.
12– 71 The largest case-control study to date, based on 1,732 cases and 2,309 controls, was a multicenter collaborative investigation conducted in five countries using a common protocol, questionnaire, field procedures, and analytic techniques.
Appropriate filter questions are used from a common questionnaire [ 35]: Have you already been operated on the knee?
Using a common study design and questionnaire in the three study areas, we successfully conducted in-person interviews with 597 Asian-American women diagnosed with incident, primary breast cancer during the period 1983-87 (70% of those eligible) and 966 population-based controls (75% of those eligible).
These studies and an earlier letter by Sallmén (1996) point out the importance of using a common protocol and standardized questionnaires in comparative studies.
A cross-sectional study was conducted by using a common face-to-face survey questionnaire.
Using a common industry practice of including questionnaires as product package inserts, the company had surveyed the consumption habits and health status of Sen-Sei-Ro consumers in 2000.
The study used a common core questionnaire and to some extent a common core protocol, but deviations and additions were allowed; for instance, cases were population based in most countries but hospital based in Japan and France, and controls were pair matched at nine centers but stratum matched in the other seven.
The WHO-Multi-Country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women represented a milestone for the field, because it used a common research design and a standardized questionnaire validated for various cultural settings.
