Finally, statistical fit of the six different models were compared using a model choice procedure by means of the Akaike Information Criterion implemented in the R package BioGeoBEARS [ 34, 35].
When using a choice-based design and intermediate and long-gauge durations, the conventional and alternative procedure did not produce significantly different results.
For instance, Colpaert et al.34,35 used a simple choice procedure and found that rats suffering from arthritis would self-administer an anti-inflammatory analgesic (suprofen) or the opiate fentanyl, while sound rats preferred to drink sugar solution.
Odor threshold for n-butanol (16 dilutions of 4% n-butanol) was done using a triple-forced choice procedure.
Detection thresholds for the four stimuli named above were obtained using a forced – choice, staircase procedure.
Subjects then returned to the laboratory on subsequent days, after urines for all participants were collected, and evaluated the urine samples using the forced choice procedure described below.
To ensure that the animals were maximizing value on every trial, rather than exploiting the adaptive nature of the psychometric algorithm, we verified these results using an incentive-compatible choice procedure in which the current choice options were selected independently of the animals' previous choices (see the Experimental Procedures).
The DNMS task is based on the discovery that, by using a rewarded forced-choice procedure, monkeys can rapidly be trained to select a novel object in preference to a familiar object, i.e., demonstrate recognition memory.
When there are good possibilities to observe the child using a short procedure, e.g. computed tomography (CT) scanning or scintigraphy, sedation can be a good choice.
In parallel, a 'choice P-line', initiated with eggs laid on P-food, was established using a similar procedure (with Np≥[75%×(Nm+Np)]; left arm of Fig. 1C).
