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As no laboratory test can be 100% sensitive, the infection control strategy guided by a combination of a case definition and any laboratory test will result in a greater proportion of the total population being infected with influenza at the end of 17 days compared to isolation of individuals using a case definition alone.
Therefore using a case definition is important.
Jennings and colleagues [ 9] enrolled 75 hospitalized children using a case definition of acute respiratory infection, and performed viral diagnostics for a broad range of viruses.
The exact McNemar's test was used to compare matched data for direct versus sediment results, using a case definition of either one or two positive results.
Researchers from the 3 sites collaborated to develop shared inclusion criteria that captured both infectious and post-infectious syndromes such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), using a case definition adapted from previous studies (Table 1).
In a study of 256 twin pairs enrolled in the US military, heritability was estimated at 49% using a case definition corresponding to diagnosis and/or treatment for BPH [12].
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Recently, Mikuls and colleagues [ 39] used a case definition based on the use of anti-gout treatment.
We used a case definition of periodontitis as attachment loss of ≥ 4 mm in > 10% of sites examined.
We used a case definition that combined both outcomes, i.e., a person needed to self-report conjunctivitis and have a positive HI assay result.
We used a case definition consistent with definitions used in prior studies, requiring acute brain dysfunction and evidence of inflammation and including patients who also had meningeal inflammation with an encephalitic component (meningoencephalitis) (1, 10, 12 ).
In order to fully capture all cases of placenta accreta, increta, and percreta, including cases managed conservatively, we used a case definition that included clinically as well as pathologically defined cases.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com