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For each topology, the likelihood surface was sampled using a branch length interval of 0.001 across a range of values giving significant likelihood.
The patterns are then ranked using a branch length score as proposed in [ 37].
To further evaluate this unpredicted overestimation, we repeated this analysis using a branch length prior with a mean of 1.4.
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We repeated the analysis using Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares (PGLS) models and also with phylogenetic models that use a branch-length transformation based on the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) model of evolution for residual Hct variation (henceforth, RegOU [27]).
To measure the strength of phylogenetic signal in height, seed size, length of flowering period and edaphic preferences, I used Î, a branch-length transformation parameter of the phylogenetic GLS model [ 48].
The degree of conservation of a word within the gene family is scored using the branch length score (BLS).
Branch lengths were transformed using the branch length method of Grafen [ 87].
For every word, the degree of conservation in each gene family is quantified using the branch length score (BLS).
Putative motifs are exhaustively enumerated as words over the IUPAC alphabet and screened for conservation using the branch length score.
The likelihood for each model was calculated with BayesDiscrete in the BayesTraits package [ 66], using the branch length estimates and character coding as above.
Gain and loss at homologous sites were modeled as a two-state continuous-time Markov process, with states 0 (absence) and 1 (presence) on a phylogeny using the tree branch length as a relative time scale in the R package DiscML (Kim and Hao 2014).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com