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The first criteria uses the error between the data recorded or simulated by the calibrated nonlinear finite element model and the data predicted by the linear model.
A decoupling adaptive controller uses the error between reference input, output and filtered outputs to produce control signals to the generator, forcing its outputs to behave like the reference model.
It uses the error between the current and the desired system output to compute the next control input by forming the sum of two terms: one proportional to the current error, and the other proportional to the time integral of the error (which summarizes the past error behaviour).
Force and position clamps are based on a simple PID-feedback routine that uses the error between a given setpoint force or position and the current force or position to adjust the sample position.
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The free parameters of the used fuzzy systems are adjusted online using the error between the unknown ideal controller and the fuzzy controller.
Using the error between the saturation input and the desired control input as the input of the designed auxiliary system, a series of signals are generated to compensate for the effect of the saturation in the dynamic surface control design.
Figure 15 illustrates that rounding noise was examined by using the error between the integer signal and the real number signal.
The accuracy of derived plotting position formula was examined using the error values between the theoretical and the calculated reduced variates from the derived and existing formulas.
During forward dynamics simulations a feedback control scheme calculated muscle forces using the error signal between the current muscle lengths and the lengths recorded during inverse kinematics simulations.
The gain coefficients are considered as the only state variables and are updated daily using the error observed between measured and forecasted flows at the catchment outlet.
The reported data show that, depending on the method used, the error rate can vary between 2 and 50% (Munne et al., 2002; Baart et al., 2004; Li et al., 2005; Colls et al., 2007; Magli et al., 2007; Gutierrez-Mateo et al., 2011).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com