Nodes will wait for an interframe space (IFS), and then, they will invoke the binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm [1] that uses an uniform random distribution called contention window (cw) size to generate a random backoff value within the range of [0, cw – 1].
The parameter values were generated using a uniform random variable on [0.01, 100].
The speed of each node is determined by using a uniform random distribution within the interval [0, 0.1] m/s.
The RANDOM was designed to choose one channel for each link by using a uniform random function to select an available channel.
The packet loss patterns have been generated using a uniform random distribution; of course a packet loss has different effects, depending on the type of the lost data.
A 500 m × 500 m physical terrain is divided into cells, and an MR is placed randomly within each cell using a uniform random distribution.
The speed and the pause time of each node are determined using a uniform random distribution within the intervals [0, 5] m/s and [0, 20] s, respectively.
In the scenario considered in this subsection, the speed and the pause time of each node are determined using a uniform random distribution within the intervals [0, vmax] m/s and [0, 20] s, respectively.
The fifth scenario has the same characteristics as the previous one, except for the fact that the nodes are statically located in the simulation area using a uniform random distribution.
For every individual, we randomly and independently generate each genotype and environmental variable using these frequencies (In particular, we use a uniform random number between 0 and 1 for doing this).
