Here we report the measurements of fluorescence quantum efficiency, η, obtained through the thermal lens technique using a reference sample.
Hence, in agreement with current consensus statement [53], the validation of the imaging protocol in each site using a reference sample of "normal subjects" is highly recommended in order to minimize measurement errors.
Phasing and imputation Imputation is performed with different kinds of software and is a way to predict not genotyped variants, located between genotyped variants in haplotyped blocks, by using a reference sample where a greater number of variants are genotyped [96].
To evaluate the practical application of waste oyster shells (WOS) as controlled low-strength materials (CLSM), using a reference sample and four fine aggregate replacement 5%, 10 %, 15 and 20%and20sand, and the cement was replaced by 20% fly ash of the materials WOSe tesand.
To minimize the variation of the signal intensity between different Western blotting experiments, we developed blots to similar intensities or used a reference sample in each blot for normalization if multiple samples were used from different pregnant women.
Briefly, individual worms were picked into PCR tubes, lysed, and mtDNA copy number of individual nematodes was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR,) using a reference sample of known copy number (quantified by serial dilution).
3. Calculate normalized splice scores using a reference sample (R-score).
Better detection of high-frequency CNVs would require some absolute measurement without using a reference sample or samples.
To compare GRN protein levels assessed on separate immunoblots, a further normalization was performed using a reference sample included on each blot.
The copy number is determined by relative quantification using a reference sample known to have two copies of the gene of interest.
