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For instance the software PFIM uses a first order approximation of the likelihood and, under this approximation, an analytical form of the Fisher matrix can be obtained [ 27].
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We use a first order model obtained after a suitable change of variables.
For each image, the data were flattened using a first order filter to remove sample tilt.
The program is based on a spreadsheet application (Excel, 2013) using a first order kinetics model.
Further, using a first order mean-value approach, a probabilistic formulation is proposed.
The identification is carried out using a first order harmonic balance technique.
A lower limit was likewise found using a first order Markov chain model with a success rate of (39.8 pm5.9%%).
Since the dependency on parameters is not linear, an approximation is made using a first order Taylor expansion.
The first order derivatives in time were discretized using a first order fully-implicit scheme, while second order spatial derivatives used a central difference approximation.
First-order temporal derivatives were discretized using a first order fully-implicit scheme, while the second-order spatial derivatives were discretized using a second order central difference method.
By using a first order Markov Chain, P [D1 U2 D3 U4]), for example, is computed as follows: where,, and.
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